LIGHTHOUSE PHOTOS
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Gibbs Hill Lighthouse
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Hamilton, Southampton Parish, Bermuda
Designated Waterway: Atlantic Ocean and Bermuda's Great Sound
The Gibbs Hill Lighthouse in it's original location. Gibb's Hill, Southampton Parish, Bermuda Gibb's Hill, Southampton Parish, Bermuda
Gibb's Hill Lighthouse began its job on May 1, 1846 and has been flashing out its beam to seafaring men ever since first by the use of kerosene, and finally these days by electricity.
In the decade before the lighthouse was constructed, a total of 39 vessels were wrecked off the Western end of the is lands. Here the reefs extend some 16 miles or more out to sea. At the time of its construction in 1844, steel was not available for building purposes. As a result, Gibb's Hill Lighthouse is one of the few in the world made of cast iron.
The lighthouse is built next to the Signal Station on Gibb's Hill, originally operated by the British Army. Oddly enough, the house occupied as the Signal Station was owned by a family of seafaring men who sailed through the dangerous reefs back in the 1700's without benefit of the warning light which now bears the family name. The hill on which the lighthouse stands is 245 feet high, while the structure itself measures 117 feet from base to light. Its beam of light runs 362 feet above sea level. Ships 40 miles away can see it. Its flash can be spotted by planes flying 10,000 feet 120 miles away, while the light itself can be seen on the horizon which is about 26 miles distant. In 1985 60,000 Visitors climbed to the top of the lighthouse by means of eight flights - a total of 185 steps.
The original light back in 1846 was produced by a concentrated burner of four circular wicks. This was replaced in 1904 with a five - wick burner using a gals chimney, which was operated until 1923, when a kerosene burner was installed. This vapour burner system. which lost its place to electricity in 1952, was still used when power failures occurred until 1964. Light is now supplied by a 1.000-watt electric bulb which is located in the center of the lens. The lens, which revolves around the light in a trough containing 1,200 pounds of mercury, weights two and three quarter-tons. Consisting of a series of concentric prisms, the present lens is capable of building the light up to a half million candle power The lens makes a complete revolution once every 50 seconds This means a flash of two seconds duration at every ten-second interval. The present lens was installed in 1904, and replaced one which was actually a series of mirrors. For many years the machinery which revolved the lens worked an exactly the same principle as that of a grandfather clock A 1,200 pound weight, which went down through a center column, was wound to the top by hand about every 30 minutes during the night.
On the 4th June, 1964 new electrical equipment was installed and the entire operation now works automatically, a diesel generator supplying the energy in case of power failure.
| Location Type |
Onshore |
|
Construction Type |
Cast-Iron Plate |
| Original Optics |
|
| Current Optics |
1st order Fresnel lens |
| Year Built |
1846 |
| Builder: |
|
| Operational: |
Yes |
| Date Deactivited: |
|
| Automated: |
Yes |
|
Markings: |
Entire building painted white |
| Shape: |
Conical Tower |
| Height: |
117 feet |
| Focal
Plane Height: |
354 ft |
| Range: |
40 Miles |
| Sound
Signal Building: |
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| Sound
Device: |
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| Existing
Keepers Quarters: |
Detached |
| Current
Use: |
|
| Current
Owner/Manager: |
Bermuda Department of Marine and Ports Services |
| Open to
the Public: |
Yes |
| Web
Site: |
Gibbs Hill Lighthouse |
National Register Status:
Miscellaneous
The Gibbs Hill Lighthouse is the taller of two lighthouses on Bermuda, and the first of only a few lighthouses in the world to be made of cast-iron. This is because at that time, steel still was not able to be bent. The optic consists of a Fresnel lens from 1904 revolving on a bed of 1,200 pounds of mercury. While it is certainly not extremely tall in lighthouse standards, the hill that it stands on is one of the highest on the island. The light's focal plane on Gibbs Hill Lighthouse, therefore, is at 354 feet (108 m) above sea level. Single-engined airplanes can see its flashes from over 100 miles (160 km) away. The lighthouse has 185 steps to the top in eight flights. Until 1964, most of the light was run by hand, but in June of that year, the whole system was automated and runs on electricity. Sixty-thousand people ascended the lighthouse in 1985, and it continues to be a popular tourist attraction.
A radar antenna for marine shipping was installed atop the lighthouse in 1987 supported on a steel space frame fixed at the original bolt locations. The radar and supporting frame were undamaged in September 2003 despite the oscillation of the tower during Hurricane Fabian. This movement caused two gallons of mercury to slop out of the lens support trough and put the light out of operation. The 1904 lens was repaired in 2004 with steel bearings to replace the mercury.
At the base of the tower is the Lighthouse Tea Room, a restaurant converted from the lighthouse keeper's former living quarters, where breakfast, lunch, and dinner are served daily.
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